Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are the primary site of energy production within eukaryotic cells. These organelles are responsible for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs during cellular respiration. This process involves the conversion of energy stored in nutrients into a usable form (ATP) that powers various cellular activities.

Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to produce some of their proteins independently, which supports their role in energy metabolism. Their ability to efficiently produce ATP through the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain is crucial for supporting essential functions in cells, including muscle contraction, neuronal activity, and biosynthesis of macromolecules.

In contrast, the nucleus is involved in storing genetic information and regulating gene expression, while ribosomes play a key role in protein synthesis. Lysosomes contain enzymes for digestion and waste processing but do not serve the primary function of energy production within the cell. Understanding these distinct roles helps clarify why mitochondria are specifically designated as the powerhouse of the cell.