What occurs when good and bad bacteria are out of balance?

The potential for disease arises when good and bad bacteria are out of balance because the human microbiome relies on a delicate equilibrium between beneficial and harmful bacteria to maintain overall health. Beneficial bacteria play critical roles in digestion, metabolizing nutrients, and warding off pathogens. When the balance tilts—often due to factors like antibiotics, poor diet, or stress—the increase in harmful bacteria can lead to various health issues. This imbalance can cause conditions such as infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammation, highlighting the essential role that a balanced microbiome plays in preventing disease.

In contrast, increased digestive efficiency, decreased risk of infection, and improved immunity typically occur when beneficial bacteria are predominant, aiding in better overall health and disease resistance. Consequently, an imbalance disrupts these positive effects and elevates the risk of health issues.