What occurs during the greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature. It occurs when the Earth's surface absorbs sunlight and then emits that energy in the form of infrared radiation (heat). Certain gases in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, trap some of this infrared radiation, preventing it from escaping back into space. This trapped heat warms the atmosphere and, consequently, the surface of the Earth.

The presence of these gases acts like a blanket around the planet, which is why option B accurately describes the greenhouse effect. The process is fundamental for maintaining temperatures that can support life, as it prevents the Earth from becoming too cold.

In contrast, options that focus on cooling due to increased carbon dioxide or relate to ozone depletion do not accurately describe the greenhouse effect. Ozone depletion primarily affects ultraviolet radiation absorption rather than directly influencing the greenhouse effect. Similarly, reflecting the Sun's heat back into space does not align with the greenhouse effect, which involves heat retention rather than loss. Understanding the role of greenhouse gases is essential in discussions about climate change and global warming.