What major geophysical activity can results from the movement of tectonic plates?

The movement of tectonic plates is a fundamental process that leads to various geophysical activities, and one of the most significant outcomes of this movement is volcanic eruptions. When tectonic plates interact—whether they are converging, diverging, or sliding past one another—there are changes in pressure and the composition of materials within the Earth's mantle.

In particular, convergent boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced under another, can lead to the melting of mantle materials, causing magma to rise to the surface. This process can result in explosive volcanic activity and the formation of volcanic arcs. Divergent boundaries, where plates move apart, can also create volcanic activity as magma rises to fill the gap, forming new crust. Thus, the link between tectonic plate movement and volcanic eruptions is strong, as this geological phenomenon directly arises from the dynamics of the Earth's lithosphere.

The other options relate to different processes: rainfall distribution is influenced by atmospheric patterns rather than tectonic activity, ocean acidification stems from increased carbon dioxide in the ocean, and solar energy absorption pertains to climate science and does not directly connect to geological processes. Hence, the most pertinent outcome of tectonic plate movement in the context of geophysical activity is indeed volcanic eruptions.