What is the relationship between genetic variation and evolution?

Genetic variation plays a critical role in the process of evolution, particularly in how populations adapt to their environments. The correct response highlights that genetic variation can enable adaptation to changing environments, which is fundamental for the survival of species over time.

When a population possesses diverse genetic traits, it increases the likelihood that some individuals will carry advantageous characteristics that improve their survival and reproduction in a given environment. For example, if a new disease emerges or environmental conditions shift (such as climate change), those individuals with genetic traits that confer resistance or adaptability to these challenges are more likely to thrive. This process of natural selection, driven by genetic variation, allows populations to evolve and better survive in their habitats.

In contrast, the other options present misconceptions about genetic variation. Claiming that genetic variation is irrelevant to evolutionary processes overlooks the essential mechanism through which evolution occurs. Suggesting that all genetic variation reduces the fitness of a population is inaccurate, as variation can lead to improved fitness through beneficial traits. Lastly, asserting that genetic variation only occurs through sexual reproduction ignores other means of variation, such as mutations and asexual reproduction, which also contribute to the genetic diversity within populations.

Thus, the emphasis on genetic variation as a facilitator for adaptation underscores its pivotal role in evolutionary biology.