What is the primary purpose of a keystone species in an ecosystem?

The primary purpose of a keystone species in an ecosystem is to maintain the structure and balance of that ecosystem. Keystone species play a critical role in supporting the ecological community’s diversity and health despite not necessarily being the most abundant species in that system. Their presence helps to regulate populations of other species and maintain the relationships between different organisms within the ecosystem.

For instance, a keystone predator can control the population of herbivores, which in turn affects the abundance of plant species. This cascading effect ensures that no single species dominates, allowing for a diverse array of life to flourish. The absence of a keystone species can lead to dramatic changes in the environment, potentially resulting in the decline of biodiversity and the overall health of that ecosystem. Thus, keystone species are vital for preserving ecological balance and preventing overpopulation or extinction of various species.