What is an ecosystem?

An ecosystem consists of a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment, which includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components. This definition highlights the complexity of relationships that exist among various species, such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as their interplay with elements like soil, water, climate, and nutrients. These interactions can affect the health and stability of both the community and the environment.

In this context, emphasizing that ecosystems encompass not just living organisms but also their surrounding environment is crucial because these elements work together to sustain life. For instance, the availability of light, water, and nutrients can directly influence the types of organisms that can thrive in a specific ecosystem. This interconnectedness is central to understanding ecological principles such as energy flow, nutrient cycles, and population dynamics. Therefore, answer C captures the essence and scope of what an ecosystem truly is.