What does the theory of plate tectonics explain?

The theory of plate tectonics provides a comprehensive explanation for the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates, which are rigid segments that cover the planet's surface. This theory describes how these plates fit together and interact at their boundaries, leading to various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain formation, and oceanic trench development.

Plate tectonics also addresses the forces that drive plate movement, including mantle convection, slab pull, and ridge push. This framework not only explains the physical movement and interactions of the plates but also helps to understand the distribution of geological features and the occurrence of seismic events across the globe.

Other choices describe concepts related to geology but do not encapsulate the comprehensive nature of plate tectonics. For instance, while the gravitational pull on the Earth's crust plays a role in various geological processes, it does not account for the dynamic interactions between the plates. Similarly, the formation of sedimentary rocks and conservation of mass in geological processes are important topics within geology but are distinct from the overarching mechanisms described by the theory of plate tectonics.