How is a hypothesis defined?

A hypothesis is defined as a testable prediction or explanation for a phenomenon because it serves as a foundational element in the scientific method. It allows researchers to make specific predictions about the outcomes of experiments or observations based on preliminary knowledge or established theories. The key aspect of a hypothesis is its testability; it can be supported or refuted through experimentation or observation. This predicts that, under certain conditions, particular outcomes will occur, leading to a clearer understanding of the relationships between variables.

In contrast, a theory that explains observed data encompasses a broader and more established understanding built on multiple hypotheses and extensive evidence. While a hypothesis can be considered an assumption, it is not merely an untested idea but rather one that is formulated to be tested. Finally, stating a hypothesis as a factual statement misrepresents its nature; hypotheses are not definitive facts but proposed explanations that require validation through research.