How does moss primarily reproduce?

Moss primarily reproduces by spores, which are a key feature of its life cycle. Unlike flowering plants that reproduce using seeds, mosses belong to a group of non-vascular plants known as bryophytes. They reproduce through a process called alternation of generations, which includes a dominant gametophyte stage that produces gametes and a sporophyte stage that produces spores.

The sporophyte is typically attached to the gametophyte and relies on it for nutrients. When mature, the sporophyte releases spores into the environment, which can germinate and grow into new gametophytes. This spore-based reproduction allows mosses to colonize various environments and is well-suited to their often humid and shaded habitats. In contrast, seeds, flowers, and fruits are associated with more advanced vascular plants that use different reproductive strategies.