How do wetlands contribute to flood control?

Wetlands play a vital role in flood control primarily by storing excess water and gradually releasing it over time. When heavy rainfall occurs or when snow melts, these areas can absorb large amounts of water, which helps to mitigate the immediate impact of flooding in surrounding areas. This water absorption reduces the volume and speed of runoff that would typically flow into rivers and streams, ultimately diminishing the potential for flooding downstream.

The unique plant life in wetlands also aids in this function. The vegetation can slow down water movement, allowing for greater infiltration into the soil. This not only helps manage floodwaters but also replenishes groundwater supplies.

Moreover, the slow release of stored water can also help maintain stream flows during dry periods, which supports aquatic ecosystems and water availability for human use. Thus, wetlands act as natural buffers, enhancing flood resilience and protecting both natural habitats and human settlements.